# scanpy.pp.normalize_total¶

scanpy.pp.normalize_total(adata, target_sum=None, fraction=1, key_added=None, layers=None, layer_norm=None, inplace=True)

Normalize counts per cell.

For fraction=1, this is standard total-count normalization, if choosing target_sum=1e6, this is CPM normalization.

Normalize each cell by sum of counts over genes that make up less than fraction (specified by fraction) of the total counts in every cell. These genes in each cell will sum up to target_sum.

Similar functions are used, for example, by Seurat [Satija15], Cell Ranger [Zheng17] or SPRING [Weinreb17].

Parameters
adata : AnnData

The annotated data matrix of shape n_obs × n_vars. Rows correspond to cells and columns to genes.

target_sum : float or None, optional (default: None)

If None, after normalization, each observation (cell) has a total count equal to the median of total counts for observations (cells) before normalization.

fraction : float, optional (default: 1)

Only use genes that make up less than fraction (specified by fraction) of the total count in every cell. So only these genes will sum up to target_sum.

key_added : str, optional (default: None)

Name of the field in adata.obs where the total counts per cell are stored.

layers : str or list of str, optional (default: None)

List of layers to normalize. Set to 'all' to normalize all layers.

layer_norm : str or None, optional (default: None)

Specifies how to normalize layers:

• If None, after normalization, for each layer in layers each cell has a total count equal to the median of the counts_per_cell before normalization of the layer.

• If 'after', for each layer in layers each cell has a total count equal to target_sum.

• If 'X', for each layer in layers each cell has a total count equal to the median of total counts for observations (cells) of adata.X before normalization.

inplace : bool, optional (default: True)

Whether to update adata or return dictionary with normalized copies of adata.X and adata.layers.

Returns

Returns dictionary with normalized copies of adata.X and adata.layers or updates adata with normalized version of the original adata.X and adata.layers, depending on inplace.

Example

>>> adata = AnnData(np.array([[1, 0], [3, 0], [5, 6]]))
[  1.   3.  11.]
n_counts
0       1.0
1       3.0
2      11.0
[ 3.  3.  3.]
n_counts  n_counts2
0       1.0        3.0
1       3.0        3.0
2      11.0        3.0
[ 1.  1.  1.]


An example using fraction.

>>> adata = AnnData(np.array([[1, 0, 1], [3, 0, 1], [5, 6, 1]]))