# scanpy.pl.DotPlot¶

class scanpy.pl.DotPlot(adata, var_names, groupby, use_raw=None, log=False, num_categories=7, categories_order=None, title=None, figsize=None, gene_symbols=None, var_group_positions=None, var_group_labels=None, var_group_rotation=None, layer=None, expression_cutoff=0.0, mean_only_expressed=False, standard_scale=None, dot_color_df=None, dot_size_df=None, ax=None, **kwds)

Allows the visualization of two values that are encoded as dot size and color. The size usually represents the fraction of cells (obs) that have a non-zero value for genes (var).

For each var_name and each groupby category a dot is plotted. Each dot represents two values: mean expression within each category (visualized by color) and fraction of cells expressing the var_name in the category (visualized by the size of the dot). If groupby is not given, the dotplot assumes that all data belongs to a single category.

Note

A gene is considered expressed if the expression value in the adata (or adata.raw) is above the specified threshold which is zero by default.

An example of dotplot usage is to visualize, for multiple marker genes, the mean value and the percentage of cells expressing the gene across multiple clusters.

Parameters
adata : AnnDataAnnData

Annotated data matrix.

var_names :

var_names should be a valid subset of adata.var_names. If var_names is a mapping, then the key is used as label to group the values (see var_group_labels). The mapping values should be sequences of valid adata.var_names. In this case either coloring or ‘brackets’ are used for the grouping of var names depending on the plot. When var_names is a mapping, then the var_group_labels and var_group_positions are set.

groupby :

The key of the observation grouping to consider.

use_raw : bool, None (default: None)

Use raw attribute of adata if present.

log : boolbool (default: False)

Plot on logarithmic axis.

num_categories : intint (default: 7)

Only used if groupby observation is not categorical. This value determines the number of groups into which the groupby observation should be subdivided.

categories_order : Sequence[str], None (default: None)

Order in which to show the categories. Note: add_dendrogram or add_totals can change the categories order.

figsize : Tuple[float, float], None (default: None)

Figure size when multi_panel=True. Otherwise the rcParam['figure.figsize] value is used. Format is (width, height)

dendrogram

If True or a valid dendrogram key, a dendrogram based on the hierarchical clustering between the groupby categories is added. The dendrogram information is computed using scanpy.tl.dendrogram(). If tl.dendrogram has not been called previously the function is called with default parameters.

gene_symbols : str, None (default: None)

Column name in .var DataFrame that stores gene symbols. By default var_names refer to the index column of the .var DataFrame. Setting this option allows alternative names to be used.

var_group_positions : Sequence[Tuple[int, int]], None (default: None)

Use this parameter to highlight groups of var_names. This will draw a ‘bracket’ or a color block between the given start and end positions. If the parameter var_group_labels is set, the corresponding labels are added on top/left. E.g. var_group_positions=[(4,10)] will add a bracket between the fourth var_name and the tenth var_name. By giving more positions, more brackets/color blocks are drawn.

var_group_labels : Sequence[str], None (default: None)

Labels for each of the var_group_positions that want to be highlighted.

var_group_rotation : float, None (default: None)

Label rotation degrees. By default, labels larger than 4 characters are rotated 90 degrees.

layer : str, None (default: None)

Name of the AnnData object layer that wants to be plotted. By default adata.raw.X is plotted. If use_raw=False is set, then adata.X is plotted. If layer is set to a valid layer name, then the layer is plotted. layer takes precedence over use_raw.

title : str, None (default: None)

Title for the figure

expression_cutoff : floatfloat (default: 0.0)

Expression cutoff that is used for binarizing the gene expression and determining the fraction of cells expressing given genes. A gene is expressed only if the expression value is greater than this threshold.

mean_only_expressed : boolbool (default: False)

If True, gene expression is averaged only over the cells expressing the given genes.

standard_scale : {‘var’, ‘group’}, NoneOptional[Literal[‘var’, ‘group’]] (default: None)

Whether or not to standardize that dimension between 0 and 1, meaning for each variable or group, subtract the minimum and divide each by its maximum.

kwds

Are passed to matplotlib.pyplot.scatter().

dotplot()

Simpler way to call DotPlot but with less options.

rank_genes_groups_dotplot()

to plot marker genes identified using the rank_genes_groups() function.

Examples

>>> import scanpy as sc
>>> markers = ['C1QA', 'PSAP', 'CD79A', 'CD79B', 'CST3', 'LYZ']

>>> markers = {'T-cell': 'CD3D', 'B-cell': 'CD79A', 'myeloid': 'CST3'}

 add_dendrogram([show, dendrogram_key, size]) Show dendrogram based on the hierarchical clustering between the groupby categories. add_totals([show, sort, size, color]) Show barplot for the number of cells in in groupby category. legend([show, show_size_legend, …]) Configures dot size and the colorbar legends Renders the image but does not call matplotlib.pyplot.show(). savefig(filename[, bbox_inches]) Save the current figure show([return_axes]) Show the figure style([cmap, color_on, dot_max, dot_min, …]) Modifies plot visual parameters swap_axes([swap_axes]) Plots a transposed image.